Herb-Drug Interactions: Chaparral

Larrea tridentata Coville (Zygophyllaceae)

Synonym(s) and related species

Creosote bush.

Larrea divaricata Cav. (formerly regarded as the same species as Larrea tridentata), Larrea mexicana Moric, Larrea tridentate var. glutinosa Jeps.

Constituents

Chaparral contains lignans, the major compound being nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). The herb also contains flavonoids, which include isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin, and their derivatives. There is also a volatile oil present containing calamene, eudesmol, limonene, alpha- and β-pinene, and 2-rossalene. A cytotoxic naphthoquinone derivative, larreantin, has been isolated from the roots.

Use and indications

Chaparral has been used in the treatment of bowel cramps, arthritis, rheumatism and colds. It has also been used to treat other diseases such as cancer, venereal disease and tuberculosis. Its use as a herbal remedy is not recommended due to reports of hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity.

Pharmacokinetics

No relevant pharmacokinetic data found. For information on the pharmacokinetics of individual flavonoids present in chaparral, see under flavonoids.

Interactions overview

No interactions with chaparral found. For information on the interactions of individual flavonoids present in chaparral, see under flavonoids.